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道Nihongo Path

Lesson 44 of 112

〜ても "even if / even though"

temo / demo

By Nihongo PathUpdated

Meaning

Concessive: the result holds regardless of the condition.

〜ても means "even if / even though": the result does not change whatever the condition. 雨が降っても、試合をします = even if it rains, we'll play. Make the て-form and add も: 降っても, 高くても, 静かでも, 雨でも. With question words it means "no matter…": いくら高くても (no matter how expensive), 誰が来ても (no matter who comes), どんなに頑張っても (no matter how hard I try).

Talking about determination, rules and general truths. Because the second clause can be anything (a plan, a request, a permission), ても is very flexible. 〜てもいい (you may) and 〜なくてもいい (you don't have to) are built on it. Used in all registers.

Formation

V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

  • V-て + も: 降っても, 行っても; negative 行かなくても
  • い-adjective: drop い + くても: 高くても, いい→よくても
  • な-adjective + でも: 静かでも
  • Noun + でも: 雨でも
  • Question word + 〜ても: いくら〜ても, どんなに〜ても, 誰が〜ても, 何を〜ても

Visual diagram

ても vs のに
AspectConditionSecond clauseExample
てもhypothetical or general (even if)any: plan, request, permission, fact雨が降っても、行きます
のにa real, completed fact (even though)a fact only, with surprise or regret雨が降ったのに、行った
Q-word + てもno matter how / who / whatthe result holds anywayいくら食べても太らない

Natural examples

  1. 雨が降っても、試合をします。

    あめが ふっても、しあいを します。

    Even if it rains, we'll play the match.

    Hypothetical: the rain has not happened yet.

  2. いくら高くても、買います。

    いくら たかくても、かいます。

    No matter how expensive it is, I'll buy it.

    いくら〜ても: no matter how expensive.

  3. どんなに頑張っても、彼には勝てない。

    どんなに がんばっても、かれには かてない。

    No matter how hard I try, I can't beat him.

    どんなに〜ても: however hard, the result is the same.

  4. この仕事は、経験がなくてもできます。

    このしごとは、けいけんが なくても できます。

    You can do this job even without experience.

    Negative ても: ない → なくても.

  5. 何度読んでも、この文の意味が分からない。

    なんど よんでも、このぶんの いみが わからない。

    No matter how many times I read it, I can't understand this sentence.

    何度〜ても = however many times.

Similar grammar and the difference

Common mistakes

  • ✗
    高いても、買います。
    ✓
    高くても、買います。
    Why
    い-adjectives change to くて before も: 高くても.
  • ✗
    雨が降るでも、行きます。
    ✓
    雨が降っても、行きます。
    Why
    Verbs use the て-form + も, not the dictionary form + でも.
  • ✗
    薬を飲んでも、熱が下がらなかった。(meaning "I took it, but…")
    ✓
    薬を飲んだのに、熱が下がらなかった。
    Why
    For a real completed action with disappointment, のに is the natural choice; 飲んでも sounds like "even if I take it".

Repeating a verb strengthens it: 食べても食べても太らない (however much I eat…). 〜てもいいですか asks permission (座ってもいいですか); 〜なくてもいい says something is unnecessary. たとえ〜ても (even supposing) is a common written pairing: たとえ失敗しても、あきらめない.

JLPT N4 tips

On the exam

  • いくら / どんなに / 何度 / 誰が / たとえ before the blank almost always call for ても.
  • When the second clause is a plan, request or permission, のに is impossible, so ても is the answer between the two.

Frequently asked questions

What does 〜ても "even if / even though" mean?

Concessive: the result holds regardless of the condition. 〜ても means "even if / even though": the result does not change whatever the condition. 雨が降っても、試合をします = even if it rains, we'll play. Make the て-form and add も: 降っても, 高くても, 静かでも, 雨でも. With question words it means "no matter…": いくら高くても (no matter how expensive), 誰が来ても (no matter who comes), どんなに頑張っても (no matter how hard I try).

How do you form 〜ても "even if / even though"?

V-て + も: 降っても, 行っても; negative 行かなくても / い-adjective: drop い + くても: 高くても, いい→よくても / な-adjective + でも: 静かでも / Noun + でも: 雨でも / Question word + 〜ても: いくら〜ても, どんなに〜ても, 誰が〜ても, 何を〜ても. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

When is 〜ても "even if / even though" used?

Talking about determination, rules and general truths. Because the second clause can be anything (a plan, a request, a permission), ても is very flexible. 〜てもいい (you may) and 〜なくてもいい (you don't have to) are built on it. Used in all registers.

What is the difference between 〜ても "even if / even though" and 〜のに?

のに is about a real fact and carries regret; ても is "even if" and allows any second clause.

What is the difference between 〜ても "even if / even though" and 〜たら?

たら: if A then B (B depends on A). ても: even if A, B anyway (B does not depend on A).

What is a common mistake with 〜ても "even if / even though"?

Wrong: 高いても、買います。 Right: 高くても、買います。 い-adjectives change to くて before も: 高くても.

Quick check

1 / 5Multiple choiceDifficulty 2 of 5

いくら(  )、この漢字が覚えられない。