〜ても "even if / even though"
temo / demo
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
Concessive: the result holds regardless of the condition.
〜ても means "even if / even though": the result does not change whatever the condition. 雨が降っても、試合をします = even if it rains, we'll play. Make the て-form and add も: 降っても, 高くても, 静かでも, 雨でも. With question words it means "no matter…": いくら高くても (no matter how expensive), 誰が来ても (no matter who comes), どんなに頑張っても (no matter how hard I try).
Talking about determination, rules and general truths. Because the second clause can be anything (a plan, a request, a permission), ても is very flexible. 〜てもいい (you may) and 〜なくてもいい (you don't have to) are built on it. Used in all registers.
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
V-て + も: 降っても, 行っても; negative 行かなくてもい-adjective: drop い + くても: 高くても, いい→よくてもな-adjective + でも: 静かでもNoun + でも: 雨でもQuestion word + 〜ても: いくら〜ても, どんなに〜ても, 誰が〜ても, 何を〜ても
Visual diagram
| Aspect | Condition | Second clause | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ても | hypothetical or general (even if) | any: plan, request, permission, fact | 雨が降っても、行きます |
| のに | a real, completed fact (even though) | a fact only, with surprise or regret | 雨が降ったのに、行った |
| Q-word + ても | no matter how / who / what | the result holds anyway | いくら食べても太らない |
Natural examples
雨が降っても、試合をします。
あめが ふっても、しあいを します。
Even if it rains, we'll play the match.
Hypothetical: the rain has not happened yet.
いくら高くても、買います。
いくら たかくても、かいます。
No matter how expensive it is, I'll buy it.
いくら〜ても: no matter how expensive.
どんなに頑張っても、彼には勝てない。
どんなに がんばっても、かれには かてない。
No matter how hard I try, I can't beat him.
どんなに〜ても: however hard, the result is the same.
この仕事は、経験がなくてもできます。
このしごとは、けいけんが なくても できます。
You can do this job even without experience.
Negative ても: ない → なくても.
何度読んでも、この文の意味が分からない。
なんど よんでも、このぶんの いみが わからない。
No matter how many times I read it, I can't understand this sentence.
何度〜ても = however many times.
Similar grammar and the difference
のに is about a real fact and carries regret; ても is "even if" and allows any second clause. Compare side by side
たら: if A then B (B depends on A). ても: even if A, B anyway (B does not depend on A). Compare side by side
Noun + でも is the noun version of ても (子供でも分かる). It also means "or something" in suggestions (お茶でも). Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 高いても、買います。
- ✓
- 高くても、買います。
- Why
- い-adjectives change to くて before も: 高くても.
- ✗
- 雨が降るでも、行きます。
- ✓
- 雨が降っても、行きます。
- Why
- Verbs use the て-form + も, not the dictionary form + でも.
- ✗
- 薬を飲んでも、熱が下がらなかった。(meaning "I took it, but…")
- ✓
- 薬を飲んだのに、熱が下がらなかった。
- Why
- For a real completed action with disappointment, のに is the natural choice; 飲んでも sounds like "even if I take it".
Repeating a verb strengthens it: 食べても食べても太らない (however much I eat…). 〜てもいいですか asks permission (座ってもいいですか); 〜なくてもいい says something is unnecessary. たとえ〜ても (even supposing) is a common written pairing: たとえ失敗しても、あきらめない.
JLPT N4 tips
On the exam
- いくら / どんなに / 何度 / 誰が / たとえ before the blank almost always call for ても.
- When the second clause is a plan, request or permission, のに is impossible, so ても is the answer between the two.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜ても "even if / even though" mean?
Concessive: the result holds regardless of the condition. 〜ても means "even if / even though": the result does not change whatever the condition. 雨が降っても、試合をします = even if it rains, we'll play. Make the て-form and add も: 降っても, 高くても, 静かでも, 雨でも. With question words it means "no matter…": いくら高くても (no matter how expensive), 誰が来ても (no matter who comes), どんなに頑張っても (no matter how hard I try).
How do you form 〜ても "even if / even though"?
V-て + も: 降っても, 行っても; negative 行かなくても / い-adjective: drop い + くても: 高くても, いい→よくても / な-adjective + でも: 静かでも / Noun + でも: 雨でも / Question word + 〜ても: いくら〜ても, どんなに〜ても, 誰が〜ても, 何を〜ても. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜ても "even if / even though" used?
Talking about determination, rules and general truths. Because the second clause can be anything (a plan, a request, a permission), ても is very flexible. 〜てもいい (you may) and 〜なくてもいい (you don't have to) are built on it. Used in all registers.
What is the difference between 〜ても "even if / even though" and 〜のに?
のに is about a real fact and carries regret; ても is "even if" and allows any second clause.
What is the difference between 〜ても "even if / even though" and 〜たら?
たら: if A then B (B depends on A). ても: even if A, B anyway (B does not depend on A).
What is a common mistake with 〜ても "even if / even though"?
Wrong: 高いても、買います。 Right: 高くても、買います。 い-adjectives change to くて before も: 高くても.
Quick check
いくら( )、この漢字が覚えられない。