〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after"
tara (jouken)
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
The most general conditional: "if/when A happens (and is completed), B". Also "when I did A, (I found) B".
〜たら is the most flexible "if / when". Make the た-form and add ら: 食べたら, 行ったら, 安かったら, 雨だったら. It means "if/when A happens (and is finished), then B". Unlike と and ば, you can put anything after たら: requests, invitations, your own plans. In the past tense it also means "when I did A, I found B" (窓を開けたら、富士山が見えた).
Everyday conditions and time sequences: 駅に着いたら電話して (call me when you get to the station), 暇だったら遊びに来て (come over if you're free), 大人になったら (when I grow up). Very common in conversation. If in doubt in the exam, たら is usually grammatical.
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
Verb: た-form + ら: 食べたら, 行ったら, したら, 来たら (きたら); negative なかったらい-adjective: drop い + かったら: 高かったら, いい→よかったらな-adjective / Noun: + だったら: 静かだったら, 雨だったらもし〜たら emphasises "if"; the main clause can be any type (request, invitation, plan, discovery)
Visual diagram
行く / 高い / 静かだ / 雨
plain form
- + た-form + ら行ったらverb: if/when I go
- + -い → -かったら高かったらい-adjective: if it is expensive
- + + だったら静かだったらな-adjective: if it is quiet
- + + だったら雨だったらnoun: if it rains
Natural examples
駅に着いたら、電話してください。
えきに ついたら、でんわしてください。
When you arrive at the station, please call me.
Request after たら: allowed.
雨が降ったら、試合は中止です。
あめが ふったら、しあいは ちゅうしです。
If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
Hypothetical if: the match's cancellation depends on rain.
窓を開けたら、富士山が見えた。
まどを あけたら、ふじさんが みえた。
When I opened the window, I could see Mt Fuji.
Past discovery: 'when I opened it, I saw…'.
もし宝くじが当たったら、世界旅行がしたい。
もし たからくじが あたったら、せかいりょこうが したい。
If I won the lottery, I'd like to travel round the world.
もし + たら for a pure hypothetical; a wish (〜たい) may follow.
暇だったら、一緒に買い物に行きませんか。
ひまだったら、いっしょに かいものに いきませんか。
If you're free, would you like to go shopping together?
な-adjective + だったら, followed by an invitation.
Similar grammar and the difference
と is for automatic results and cannot precede requests. たら can. Compare side by side
ば stresses the condition and sounds more like a rule; it cannot express a past one-time discovery. たら can do both. Compare side by side
なら picks up a topic and gives a reaction, and the main action may come before the condition (行くなら切符を買っておく). たら requires the condition to be completed first. Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 日本へ行ったら、切符を買っておきます。(meaning: buy before going)
- ✓
- 日本へ行くなら、切符を買っておきます。
- Why
- たら means the ticket is bought AFTER arriving. For advice about a plan not yet started, use なら.
- ✗
- 安いたら、買います。
- ✓
- 安かったら、買います。
- Why
- い-adjectives drop い and take かったら.
- ✗
- 雨たら、行きません。
- ✓
- 雨だったら、行きません。
- Why
- Nouns need だったら.
In the past tense (〜たら、〜た) the main clause is a discovery or an unexpected result, not the speaker's own decided action. 〜たら with future time expressions means "when" rather than "if": 大学を卒業したら働きます (when I graduate, I'll work). 〜たらどうですか (lesson 66) and 〜たらいい (lesson 92) are set phrases built on this form.
JLPT N4 tips
On the exam
- If the main clause is a request, invitation, permission or wish, たら is almost always the intended answer among と / ば / たら.
- Check the tense trap: a past discovery (〜たら、〜ていた / があった) is たら or と, never ば or なら.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after" mean?
The most general conditional: "if/when A happens (and is completed), B". Also "when I did A, (I found) B". 〜たら is the most flexible "if / when". Make the た-form and add ら: 食べたら, 行ったら, 安かったら, 雨だったら. It means "if/when A happens (and is finished), then B". Unlike と and ば, you can put anything after たら: requests, invitations, your own plans. In the past tense it also means "when I did A, I found B" (窓を開けたら、富士山が見えた).
How do you form 〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after"?
Verb: た-form + ら: 食べたら, 行ったら, したら, 来たら (きたら); negative なかったら / い-adjective: drop い + かったら: 高かったら, いい→よかったら / な-adjective / Noun: + だったら: 静かだったら, 雨だったら / もし〜たら emphasises "if"; the main clause can be any type (request, invitation, plan, discovery). V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after" used?
Everyday conditions and time sequences: 駅に着いたら電話して (call me when you get to the station), 暇だったら遊びに来て (come over if you're free), 大人になったら (when I grow up). Very common in conversation. If in doubt in the exam, たら is usually grammatical.
What is the difference between 〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after" and 〜と?
と is for automatic results and cannot precede requests. たら can.
What is the difference between 〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after" and 〜ば?
ば stresses the condition and sounds more like a rule; it cannot express a past one-time discovery. たら can do both.
What is a common mistake with 〜たら (conditional) "if / when / after"?
Wrong: 日本へ行ったら、切符を買っておきます。(meaning: buy before going) Right: 日本へ行くなら、切符を買っておきます。 たら means the ticket is bought AFTER arriving. For advice about a plan not yet started, use なら.
Quick check
家に( )、まず手を洗ってください。