〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …"
no wa ~ da (kyouchou-bun)
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
Puts focus on one element by nominalising the rest: "The one who did X was Y."
A cleft sentence puts the spotlight on one piece of information. Instead of 兄がこの写真を撮った (my brother took this photo), you say この写真を撮ったのは兄です = the one who took this photo is my brother. The rest of the sentence is made into a noun with の, then は, then the focused word + だ/です. Inside the の clause, the subject takes が. It answers "who / when / where / what" questions clearly.
Answering or correcting: 「昨日来なかったのは誰?」「田中さんです」. Very common in speech and writing when one element matters most. Also used to give a time or place emphatically: 私が日本に来たのは去年の四月だ.
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
[Clause with が] + のは + [focused N] + だ/ですFocused word can be a person, time, place, or thingNegative: 〜のは〜じゃない / ではないQuestion: 〜のは誰ですか / いつですか / どこですか
Visual diagram
- この写真を撮ったclause (subject removed)
- のはnominaliser の + topic は
- 兄focused element
- ですcopula
Natural examples
昨日パーティーに来なかったのは田中さんです。
きのう パーティーに こなかったのは たなかさんです。
The one who didn't come to the party yesterday was Tanaka.
Focus on who: the person is placed after のは.
私が日本に来たのは去年の四月だ。
わたしが にほんに きたのは きょねんの しがつだ。
It was last April that I came to Japan.
Focus on when: subject 私 takes が inside the clause.
この写真を撮ったのは兄です。
この しゃしんを とったのは あにです。
The one who took this photo is my older brother.
Focus on who took the photo.
私が一番好きな食べ物は寿司ではなく、ラーメンです。
わたしが いちばん すきな たべものは すしではなく、ラーメンです。
The food I like most is not sushi but ramen.
A noun-headed version of focusing; note が on 私 inside the modifying clause.
この本を書いたのは、有名な作家です。
このほんを かいたのは、ゆうめいな さっかです。
The person who wrote this book is a famous author.
Cleft sentence with a person in focus.
Similar grammar and the difference
The cleft uses の to nominalise the whole clause; こと is not used in cleft sentences. Compare side by side
〜のは〜からだ (N3)
Focuses a reason: 遅れたのは電車が止まったからだ.
のだ / んだ at the end explains; の + は in the cleft turns the clause into a topic. Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 私は日本に来たのは去年です。
- ✓
- 私が日本に来たのは去年です。
- Why
- Inside the の clause the subject takes が.
- ✗
- この写真を撮ったことは兄です。
- ✓
- この写真を撮ったのは兄です。
- Why
- Cleft sentences use の, not こと.
- ✗
- パーティーに来なかったのは田中さんが。
- ✓
- パーティーに来なかったのは田中さんです。
- Why
- The focused element ends with だ / です, not a particle.
The focused element is the new information; the のは part is what the listener already knows. Time and place answers are natural clefts: 会議があるのは金曜日です. In speech the pattern often answers a question and can drop the clause: 「誰が撮ったの?」「撮ったのは兄だよ」.
JLPT N4 tips
On the exam
- A sentence ending in a noun + です with a clause before the blank → のは. Distractors: ことは, のが, ので.
- Check the particle on the subject inside the clause: が is correct, は is not.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …" mean?
Puts focus on one element by nominalising the rest: "The one who did X was Y." A cleft sentence puts the spotlight on one piece of information. Instead of 兄がこの写真を撮った (my brother took this photo), you say この写真を撮ったのは兄です = the one who took this photo is my brother. The rest of the sentence is made into a noun with の, then は, then the focused word + だ/です. Inside the の clause, the subject takes が. It answers "who / when / where / what" questions clearly.
How do you form 〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …"?
[Clause with が] + のは + [focused N] + だ/です / Focused word can be a person, time, place, or thing / Negative: 〜のは〜じゃない / ではない / Question: 〜のは誰ですか / いつですか / どこですか. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …" used?
Answering or correcting: 「昨日来なかったのは誰?」「田中さんです」. Very common in speech and writing when one element matters most. Also used to give a time or place emphatically: 私が日本に来たのは去年の四月だ.
What is the difference between 〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …" and の / こと nominalisation?
The cleft uses の to nominalise the whole clause; こと is not used in cleft sentences.
What is the difference between 〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …" and 〜のは〜からだ (N3)?
Focuses a reason: 遅れたのは電車が止まったからだ.
What is a common mistake with 〜のは〜だ (cleft sentence) "it is … that …"?
Wrong: 私は日本に来たのは去年です。 Right: 私が日本に来たのは去年です。 Inside the の clause the subject takes が.
Quick check
昨日、私に電話をくれた( )田中さんです。