〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even"
mo (suuryou kyouchou)
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
After a number, も stresses that the amount is large; with negatives, that it is zero ("not even one").
After a number, も says the amount is surprisingly large: 十時間も寝た = "I slept a whole ten hours!". With a negative and the number one, it means "not even one": 一円もない = "I don't have a single yen". With a question word plus counter (何回も, 何人も) it means "many". So the same little も that means "also" becomes an emphasis marker when it follows a quantity.
Everyday exaggeration and complaint (三時間も待った), impressed remarks (百人も来た), and total denial (一度も行ったことがない). Works in all registers. The opposite feeling ("only") is しか〜ない (lesson 60).
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
Number + counter + も + affirmative: 三時間も待った (as long as three hours)一 + counter + も + negative: 一人も来なかった (not a single person came)何 + counter + も: 何回も (many times), 何年も (for years)も replaces を / が; with other particles it follows them: 十か国にも行った
Visual diagram
| Aspect | Feeling | English |
|---|---|---|
| 三人来た | neutral | Three people came |
| 三人も来た | that's a lot! | As many as three people came |
| 三人しか来なかった | that's few | Only three people came |
| 一人も来なかった | zero | Not a single person came |
Natural examples
昨日は十時間も寝た。
きのうは じゅうじかんも ねた。
I slept a whole ten hours yesterday.
Ten hours is a lot: も expresses surprise.
財布には一円もない。
さいふには いちえんも ない。
I don't have a single yen in my wallet.
一 + counter + も + negative = not even one.
彼は何回も日本へ行ったことがある。
かれは なんかいも にほんへ いったことが ある。
He has been to Japan many times.
何回も = many times.
このケーキ、一つ千円もするんですか。
このケーキ、ひとつ せんえんも するんですか。
This cake costs a whole thousand yen each?
も after a price expresses that it is expensive.
今年は一度も風邪をひいていません。
ことしは いちども かぜを ひいていません。
I haven't caught a cold even once this year.
一度も + negative = "not once".
Similar grammar and the difference
しか stresses that the amount is small (三人しか来なかった). も stresses that it is large. Compare side by side
だけ limits neutrally (三人だけ来た). も carries surprise at a large number. Compare side by side
ばかり says something is "nothing but" (肉ばかり食べる). も after a number is about quantity, not exclusivity. Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 一人も来ました。
- ✓
- 一人も来ませんでした。/ 一人だけ来ました。
- Why
- 一 + counter + も must be followed by a negative ("not even one"). For "only one came" use だけ or しか〜ない.
- ✗
- 昨日は五時間をも勉強した。
- ✓
- 昨日は五時間も勉強した。
- Why
- も replaces を; you cannot use both.
- ✗
- 何回も行ったことがありません。(meaning: never)
- ✓
- 一回も行ったことがありません。
- Why
- 何回も is "many times" and normally takes an affirmative. For "never" use 一回も / 一度も + negative.
Money and time are the most common: 三万円もした, 二時間も待たされた. も can also follow 誰 / 何 / どこ + negative for total denial: 誰も来なかった, 何もない. Tone of voice matters: 十時間も寝た can be proud or embarrassed depending on context.
JLPT N4 tips
On the exam
- If the sentence ends in a negative and the number is 一 (一人, 一つ, 一度), も is the answer ("not even one"). If the number is larger and the feeling is "so many", も again.
- The classic pair is も vs しか: check the ending. も works with affirmative for large amounts; しか requires a negative verb and means "only".
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even" mean?
After a number, も stresses that the amount is large; with negatives, that it is zero ("not even one"). After a number, も says the amount is surprisingly large: 十時間も寝た = "I slept a whole ten hours!". With a negative and the number one, it means "not even one": 一円もない = "I don't have a single yen". With a question word plus counter (何回も, 何人も) it means "many". So the same little も that means "also" becomes an emphasis marker when it follows a quantity.
How do you form 〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even"?
Number + counter + も + affirmative: 三時間も待った (as long as three hours) / 一 + counter + も + negative: 一人も来なかった (not a single person came) / 何 + counter + も: 何回も (many times), 何年も (for years) / も replaces を / が; with other particles it follows them: 十か国にも行った. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even" used?
Everyday exaggeration and complaint (三時間も待った), impressed remarks (百人も来た), and total denial (一度も行ったことがない). Works in all registers. The opposite feeling ("only") is しか〜ない (lesson 60).
What is the difference between 〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even" and 〜しか〜ない?
しか stresses that the amount is small (三人しか来なかった). も stresses that it is large.
What is the difference between 〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even" and 〜だけ?
だけ limits neutrally (三人だけ来た). も carries surprise at a large number.
What is a common mistake with 〜も (emphasising quantity) "as many as / even"?
Wrong: 一人も来ました。 Right: 一人も来ませんでした。/ 一人だけ来ました。 一 + counter + も must be followed by a negative ("not even one"). For "only one came" use だけ or しか〜ない.
Quick check
昨日のパーティーには、二百人( )来ました。すごかったです。